1. Define TPS & DDS, provide some example of these systems in business.
An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people and procedures that are designed to generate information that supports day-to-day, short-range and long-range activities of users in an organisation.
Transaction Processing Systems
- A transaction processing system (TPS) is an information system that captures and processes data generated during organisation's day-to-day transactions.
- Example: EFTPOS, Operational accounting system such as payroll system or an order-entry system.
Decision Support Systems
- A decision support system (DSS) is an information system designed to help users reach a decision when a decision-making situation arises. A variety of DSS's exist to help with a range of decisions.
- Example: Performing and operating budget for the next 5 years.
2. Describe the three quantitative models typically used by Decision Support Systems.
- Sensitivity analysis - the study of the impact that changes in one (or more) parts of the model.
- What-if-analysis - checks the impact of a change in an assumption on the proposed solution.
- Goal-seeking analysis - finds the input necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of output.
3. Describe a business processes and their importance to an organisation, outline and example of how they are used
Business processes refer to the manner in which works is organised, coordinated and focused to produce a valuable product or service. Hence, a business process is a standard set of activities that accomplish a specific task, such as processing a customer order or enrolling a student.
Examining business processes helps an organisation to anticipate bottlenecks, eliminate duplicate activities, combine related activities and identify a smooth-running processes. A businesses process allows a company to stay competitive while the logic of the processes allows a company to achieve its goal.
Sample of business processes
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How they are used
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Accounting/ Finance
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Bank account reconciliation Depreciation, Invoicing
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Environmental
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Environmental protection
Hazardous waste management
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Human Resources
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Employee hiring policies
Resignations and terminations
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Management information
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Disaster recovery procedure Backup/ Recovery procedures
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4. Compare business process improvement and business process re-engineering.
Business process improvement attempts to understand and measure the current process and make performance improvement accordingly. It aims to provide a much more efficient process.
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| http://www.mymanagementguide.com/business-process-improvement-a-four-step-model-for-defining-measure-analyzing-and-improving-business-process/ |
Business process re-engineering (BPR) is the analysis and redesign of workflow within and between the organisation. BPR relies on a different school of though than business process improvement. BPR assumes a current process is irrelevant or redundant and must be re-engineered.
5. Describe the importance of business process modelling (or mapping) and business process models.
A business needs to map out each process. Being able to visualise and organisations' operations is often the beginning of identifying problems or new opportunities.
A business process modelling (or mapping) is the activity of creating a detailed flowchart or process map of a work process, showing its inputs, tasks and activities in a structures sequence. A business process model is a graphic description of a process, showing the sequence of process tasks, which is developed for a specific purpose and from a selected viewpoint. The purpose of a model is to:- Expose process detail gradually and in a controlled manner
- Encourage conciseness and accuracy in describing the process model
- Focus attention on the process model interfaces
- Provide a powerful process analysis and consistent design vocabular
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